1820-1877

__**Events**__ Battle of Gettysburg-CW
 * Turning point of the Civil War
 * Paved the way to Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation

Passage of 13th Amendment Emancipation Proclamation-CW Compromise of 1850-DL Kansas- Nebraska Act- KH Dred Scott vs Sanford- 1857- MC
 * The 13th Amendment is where the United States of America officially abolished and prohibits slavery, and it was the first of the three reconstruction amendments following the Civil War.
 * Its significant because it marks the end of a long hard fight not only in the Civil War, but for the African-Americans that wanted freedom and their own rights.
 * Made by Abraham Lincoln
 * Officially freed slaves in the south
 * Made the Civil War officially a dispute over slavery
 * Drafted by the Whig party/Henry Clay
 * Was popular among US although it had its setbacks for each side.
 * Slave trade banned in Washington DC
 * Stronger fugitive slave law which angered the north
 * California was entered as a free state
 * Mexico and Utah could vote on slavery through popular sovereignty.
 * The compromise caused the avoidance of secession, civil war, and reduced sectional conflict for over 4 years.
 * Showed federal power over state government
 * Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska
 * Repealed Missouri Compromise
 * Allowed popular sovereignty to decide on slavery issue the territories
 * Scott was a Missouri slave taken to Illinois(free state) and then to the free territory, the Wisconsin territory then returned to Missouri
 * His owner, Emerson died in 1843 and Scott sued his widow for his freedom
 * Scott claimed that because he lived in free lands of Illinois and Wisconsin, it made him a free man
 * Judges said Scott was property therefore, shouldnt have even been able to take the issue to court.
 * Court ruled slaves were not citizens, they were the slave owners property and the government cant take away a persons property rights(5th ammendment)

Nullification Crisis- MC
 * Southerners were opposed to the tarrif of 1828, the tarrif of abominations and the tarrif of 1832
 * in response to the tarrifs, South Carolina, led by John C Calhoun declared the tarrifs null and void within state borders with the Nullification Ordinance
 * in response to SC's nullification, Jackson threatened to send troops to force SC to comply
 * Henry Clay proposed a compromise with the tarrif of 1833
 * gradual reduction of the tarrif over 10 years



Tariff of 1820-DL Fugitive Slave Law - KH
 * Protective tariff to protect industry in northern US
 * Passed by congress in 1828
 * Northern industries were being driven out of business by low-priced imported goods.
 * The south was upset due to having to pay higher taxes on good the region did not produce
 * British couldn’t pay for the cotton they imported from the south.
 * Led to the Nullification crisis lead by South Carolina.
 * Highest point in a US tariff.
 * Part of the Compromise of 1850
 * Stated that runaway slaves must be taken back to their owners

Indian Removal Act (1830)-KD
 * The Indian Removal Act was a controversial decision, made by Andrew Jackson, that began in Georgia with the Cherokee nation. Many white southerners wanted the Cherokee’s land and believed they had the right to have it. This caused many disputes between the Americans and the Indians, not only in Georgia but across the nation.
 * The Indian Removal Act was a “solution” to the disputes between the two, and basically forced many Indian tribes to move West. This bill caused friction and disputes across America, and it was eventually passed through Congress.
 * The significance of the Indian Removal Act in US history plays a large role because it killed hundreds of thousands of Native Americans and it was definitely a dark part of US history.

**__People__** Abraham Lincoln-CW Henry Clay-DL
 * President during the Civil War
 * Election caused South to secede
 * Issued Emancipation Proclamation banning slavery in southern states


 * Helped settle slavery dispute in Missouri Territory by coming up with the Missouri Compromise
 * This balanced the senate and slave states
 * Used political power to ensure election of Adams, and became Secretary of State (ruined his reputation)
 * Known as “The Great Compromiser”
 * Clay helped make the compromise to lower the Tariff of 1828

Stephen Douglas-DL Uylesses Grant-KH
 * Huge inspiration in politics
 * Douglas was the nominee for the Democratic Party in 1860, but lost to Lincoln
 * Set up popular sovereignty
 * Made the Kansas Nebraska Act on 1854
 * General of Union Army during victory over the Confederacy
 * 18th President of the United States
 * President during the panic of 1873

John C Calhoun-MC
 * advocate of slavery, states rights, limited federal government, and nullification
 * Author of the "South Carolina Exposition" which argued to nullify the Tarrif of 1828
 * Sparked the nullification crisis between South Carolina and federal government

William Lloyd Garrison-KD Samuel Slater- MC
 * William Lloyd Garrison was a writer and key member in the abolitionist movement.
 * He was the editor of The Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper, and he co-founded the American Anti-Slavery Society; believed in //immediate//emancipation and he was also key figure in the women’s suffrage movement.
 * He used his newspaper and his other connections as a way to promote the abolitionist movement and spread the word.
 * "Father of American Industry"
 * snuck to America against british law against emigration of textile workers
 * Upon arrival, Slater announced himself as a textile professional and pronounced american machines worthless
 * Had the British textile machines memorized and began building machines in America
 * rise of the spinning and textile industry in America



Eli Whitney - KH
 * Invented the cotton gin
 * This invention increases slave labor dramatically in the south
 * Also invented interchangeable parts that revolutionized the industrial field

Harriet Tubman-KD

. Elizabeth Cady Stanton-CW Sources: Samuel Slater info:[] Samuel Slater picture:[] [] ^ the webiste of the picture of john c calhoun [] < gave biography with dates on Henry Clay [] < gave good detail on Douglas's achievments Dred Scott Picture:[] John c Calhoun Picture: [] Picture of Indian Removal Act [] Picture of 13th amendment [] Picture of Harriet Tubman []
 * Harriet Tubman was an influential figure during the Civil War, she was an African-American abolitionist and a humanitarian.
 * After escaping her own experience of slavery, she made it her life to saving and rescuing other slaves into freedom using the Underground Railroad. She rescued hundreds of slaves and was even considered the “Moses of her people.”
 * Later she became a spy for Union forces and eventually became a leader in the abolitionist movement.
 * Her significance in the Abolitionist movement and the Civil War is represented by the fact she was a key figure in fighting slavery. She was a symbol for freedom and gave hundreds of slaves hope.
 * Women's sufferage activist and abolitionist
 * Began the Seneca Falls Convention with Lucretia Mott